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  2. Opium Wars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars

    The Opium Wars (simplified Chinese: 鸦片战争; traditional Chinese: 鴉片戰爭; pinyin: Yāpiàn zhànzhēng) were two conflicts waged between China and Western powers during the mid-19th century. The First Opium War was fought from 1839 to 1842 between China and Britain. It was triggered by the Chinese government 's campaign to enforce ...

  3. First Opium War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Opium_War

    The First Opium War (Chinese : 第一次鴉片戰爭; pinyin : Dìyīcì yāpiàn zhànzhēng), also known as the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between the British Empire and the Qing dynasty of China between 1839 and 1842.

  4. Battle of Canton (May 1841) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Canton_(May_1841)

    Battle. British bombardment of Canton from the surrounding heights. On May 21 Chinese forces attempted a night ambush on British positions in the hills to the north of Canton but were repelled. By 2:00 am on the 24th a contingent of naval and land units under Maj. Gen. Hugh Gough assembled, ready to attack the city.

  5. Battle of the Barrier Forts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barrier_Forts

    176 guns lost [ 1] 4 forts captured. The Battle of the Barrier Forts (also known as the Battle of the Pearl River Forts) was fought between American and Chinese forces in the Pearl River, Guangdong, China in November 1856 during the Second Opium War. The United States Navy launched an amphibious assault against a series of four forts known as ...

  6. Canton System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_System

    The Canton System (1757–1842; Chinese: 一口通商; pinyin: Yīkǒu tōngshāng; Jyutping: jat1 hau2 tung1 soeng1, lit. "Single [port] trading relations") served as a means for Qing China to control trade with the West within its own country by focusing all trade on the southern port of Canton (now Guangzhou). The protectionist policy arose ...

  7. Battle of Canton (March 1841) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Canton_(March_1841)

    The First Battle of Canton ( Chinese: 第一次廣州之戰) was fought between British and Chinese forces in Canton, Guangdong Province, China, on 18 March 1841 during the First Opium War. The capture led to the hoisting of the Union Jack on the British factory in Canton and the resumption of trade between the British and the Chinese.

  8. Battle of Canton (1857) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Canton_(1857)

    The Battle of Canton (Chinese: 廣州城戰役) was fought by British and French forces against Qing China on 28–31 December 1857 during the Second Opium War.The British High Commissioner, Lord Elgin, was keen to take the city of Canton as a demonstration of power and to capture Chinese official Ye Mingchen, who had resisted British attempts to implement the 1842 Treaty of Nanking.

  9. History of opium in China - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_opium_in_China

    Imports of opium into China stood at 200 chests annually in 1729, [1] when the first anti-opium edict was promulgated. [2][3] By the time Chinese authorities reissued the prohibition in starker terms in 1799, [4] the figure had leaped; 4,500 chests were imported in the year 1800. [1] The decade of the 1830s witnessed a rapid rise in opium trade ...