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Cost-plus pricing is a pricing strategy by which the selling price of a product is determined by adding a specific fixed percentage (a "markup") to the product's unit cost. Essentially, the markup percentage is a method of generating a particular desired rate of return. [1][2] An alternative pricing method is value-based pricing.
Contribution margin (CM), or dollar contribution per unit, is the selling price per unit minus the variable cost per unit. "Contribution" represents the portion of sales revenue that is not consumed by variable costs and so contributes to the coverage of fixed costs. This concept is one of the key building blocks of break-even analysis.
1. Category Need: The consumer's acceptance that the category (the product or service) is necessary to satisfy some need 2. Brand awareness (brand recognition and brand recall): The consumer's ability to recognise a brand or to recall a brand name from memory 3.
The 2.8-percentage-point increase since that low represents a net increase of about seven million adults without health insurance." [ 46 ] The US Census Bureau reported that 28.5 million people (8.8%) did not have health insurance in 2017, [ 47 ] down from 49.9 million (16.3%) in 2010.
In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.
Market penetration refers to the successful selling of a product or service in a specific market, and it is a measure of the amount of sales volume of an existing good or service compared to the total target market for that product or service. [2] Market penetration involves targeting on selling existing goods or services in the targeted ...
The total cost reflects the total amount of both fixed and variable expenses to produce and distribute a product. [1] Markup can be expressed as the fixed amount or as a percentage of the total cost or selling price. [2] Retail markup is commonly calculated as the difference between wholesale price and retail price, as a percentage of wholesale ...
Target costing. Target costing is an approach to determine a product's life-cycle cost which should be sufficient to develop specified functionality and quality, while ensuring its desired profit. It involves setting a target cost by subtracting a desired profit margin from a competitive market price. [1] A target cost is the maximum amount of ...