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Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these quantities is governed by the four laws of thermodynamics, which convey a quantitative description using measurable macroscopic physical quantities ...
Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era (2011) by Amory Lovins. Renewable Electricity and the Grid. Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (2011) by the IPCC. Renewable Energy Systems: A Smart Energy Systems Approach to the Choice and Modeling of 100 % Renewable Solutions. Renewable energy.
e. The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize thermodynamic systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. The laws also use various parameters for thermodynamic processes, such as thermodynamic work and heat, and establish relationships ...
t. e. A thermodynamic cycle consists of linked sequences of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state. [1] In the process of passing through a cycle, the ...
The free energy is the portion of any first-law energy that is available to perform thermodynamic work at constant temperature, i.e., work mediated by thermal energy. Free energy is subject to irreversible loss in the course of such work. [1] Since first-law energy is always conserved, it is evident that free energy is an expendable, second-law ...
Thermodynamics. Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to increase in length, area, or volume, changing its size and density, in response to an increase in temperature (usually excluding phase transitions). [1] Substances usually contract with decreasing temperature (thermal contraction), with rare exceptions within limited temperature ...
The term " thermal energy " is often used ambiguously in physics and engineering. [1] It can denote several different physical concepts, including: Internal energy: The total energy contained within a body of matter or radiation. Heat: Energy in transfer between a system and its surroundings by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work and ...
For information about heat pumps used to extract heat from up to about 300 meters/yards from the surface, see ground source heat pump. Geothermal energy is thermal energy extracted from the Earth's crust. It combines energy from the formation of the planet and from radioactive decay. Geothermal energy has been exploited as a source of heat and ...