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2. Turquoise - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquoise

   Turquoise. Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula Cu Al 6(PO 4)4(OH)8·4 H 2 O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone for millennia due to its hue.

3. Howlite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlite

   Howlite is commonly used to make decorative objects such as small carvings or jewelry components. Because of its porous texture, howlite can be easily dyed to imitate other minerals, especially turquoise because of the superficial similarity of the veining patterns. Howlite is also sold in its natural state, sometimes under the trade names of ...

4. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

5. Gemstone Meanings: Power and Significance of the 25 Most ...

   www.aol.com/gemstone-meanings-power-significance...

   Jade. “Long prized across many varied and ancient cultures from ancient China to the Incan and Aztec empires, Jade is a highly valuable gemstone that represents good fortune, luck, and abundance ...

6. Topaz - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topaz

   Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2.It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [7]

7. Amethyst - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethyst

   Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz (SiO. 2) and owes its violet color to irradiation, impurities of iron (Fe3+. ) and in some cases other transition metals, and the presence of other trace elements, which result in complex crystal lattice substitutions. [2][3][4] The irradiation causes the iron Fe3+.