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Strain theory, in sociology, proposal that pressure derived from social factors, such as lack of income or lack of quality education, drives individuals to commit crime. The ideas underlying strain theory were first advanced in the 1930s by American sociologist Robert K. Merton, whose work on the
In the fields of sociology and criminology, strain theory is a theoretical perspective that aims to explain the relationship between social structure, social values or goals, and crime.
Merton's Strain Theory posits that the cultural emphasis on wealth attainment in the American Dream creates strain for lower class individuals who lack legitimate means to get ahead, which can lead to deviant behavior as they pursue success through crime.
Strain theory, a central framework in sociology and criminology, seeks to explain the relationship between societal pressures and individual behaviors, especially deviant or criminal acts. The core assumption of strain theory is that social structures within society may pressure individuals into nonconforming behavior.
Learn about Robert Merton's strain theory and its implications for understanding deviant behavior and social disorganization. Explore the five possible responses to strain and the factors that influence its occurrence.
General strain theory (GST) is the latest and broadest version of strain theory (Agnew, 2006). GST represents a revision and extension of prior strain theories, including the classic strain theories of Merton (1938), Cohen (1955), and Cloward and Ohlin (1960).
American sociologist Robert K. Merton developed strain theory, a concept connected to both the functionalist perspective on deviance and Émile Durkheim's theory of anomie. Merton asserted that societies are composed of two core aspects: culture and social structure .
The strain theories chapter in this text provides an especially good discussion of the development of the classic strain theories of Merton, Cohen, and Cloward and Ohlin; the attacks on these theories; and the relationship between strain and anomie theories.
While many people feel that the socially-accepted means to achieve their goals are too difficult, only a small number of them go on to commit crimes. Why? What makes the majority law-abiding most of the time? Are there sociological explanations for some people choosing to innovate while others retreat?
This chapter will seek to clarify the theoretical objectives and scope of Merton's work on anomie and strain as a sociology of deviant behavior, and analyze some of its pathways and...