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  2. Social cycle theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cycle_theory

    Each generational persona unleashes a new era, called a turning, in which a new social, political, and economic climate exists. Turnings tend to last around 20–22 years. They are part of a larger cyclical "saeculum", a long human life, which usually spans between 80 and 90 years, although some saecula have lasted longer.

  3. Social structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_structure

    Microstructure: The pattern of relations between most basic elements of social life, that cannot be further divided and have no social structure of their own (e.g. pattern of relations between individuals in a group composed of individuals, where individuals have no social structure; or a structure of organizations as a pattern of relations ...

  4. Sociocultural evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociocultural_evolution

    Because social evolution was posited as a scientific theory, it was often used to support unjust and often racist social practices – particularly colonialism, slavery, and the unequal economic conditions present within industrialized Europe. Social Darwinism is especially criticised, as it purportedly led to some philosophies used by the Nazis.

  5. Structuration theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuration_theory

    Social systems have patterns of social relation that change over time; the changing nature of space and time determines the interaction of social relations and therefore structure. Hitherto, social structures or models were either taken to be beyond the realm of human control—the positivistic approach—or posit that action creates them—the ...

  6. Sociological theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_theory

    In terms of sociology, historical sociology is often better positioned to analyze social life as diachronic, while survey research takes a snapshot of social life and is thus better equipped to understand social life as synchronic. Some argue that the synchrony of social structure is a methodological perspective rather than an ontological claim ...

  7. Eusociality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusociality

    Model of naked mole-rat burrow with soldiers, workers, and queen, a social structure similar to the castes of the eusocial insects Among mammals, two species in the rodent group Phiomorpha are eusocial, the naked mole-rat ( Heterocephalus glaber ) and the Damaraland mole-rat ( Fukomys damarensis ), both of which are highly inbred .

  8. Society - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society

    Human social structures are complex and highly cooperative, featuring the specialization of labor via social roles. Societies construct roles and other patterns of behavior by deeming certain actions or concepts acceptable or unacceptable—these expectations around behavior within a given society are known as societal norms .

  9. Sociology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology

    In this context, 'structure' does not refer to 'social structure', but to the semiotic understanding of human culture as a system of signs. One may delineate four central tenets of structuralism: [100] Structure is what determines the structure of a whole. Structuralists believe that every system has a structure.