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HER2-positive breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer (orphan) and gastro-oesophageal junction cancer. Cardiac dysfunction, infusion-related reactions, peripheral neuropathy and pulmonary toxicity (rare). 2.2 Tyrosine kinase inhibitor: Afatinib: PO: EGFR, HER2 and HER4 inhibitor. Non-small cell lung cancer.
3) Vinca alkaloids, including vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine, and vindesine, are used to treat tumors such as Hodgkin lymphoma, testicular cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. [3] These drugs inhibit the assembly of microtubules and thus disrupt axonal transport in the cell body of peripheral nerves.
It is given by injection into a vein. [2] Side effects may include irritation of the vein in which it is given, high blood sugar, and swelling. [2] [3] Excess use may result in low blood sodium and other electrolyte problems. [2] Intravenous sugar solutions are in the crystalloid family of medications. [4]
Anti-estrogens are clinically used in the treatment of breast cancer and to reduce the breast cancer incidence in high-risk women. Examples of anti-estrogens and other hormone and metabolic modulators are: anastrozole, clomiphene, tamoxifen, raloxifene, and formestane. [16] [2]
TCDD and dioxin-like compounds act via a specific receptor present in all cells: the aryl hydrocarbon (AH) receptor. [6] [7] [8] This receptor is a transcription factor which is involved in the expression of genes; it has been shown that high doses of TCDD either increase or decrease the expression of several hundred genes in rats. [9]
Active immunotherapy is a type of immunotherapy that aims to stimulate the host's immune system or a specific immune response to a disease or pathogen and is most commonly used in cancer treatments. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Active immunotherapy is also used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders , such as Alzheimer's disease , Parkinson's disease ...
These peripherally selective opioids can be used as antidiarrheals, for instance loperamide (Imodium). [ 2 ] Mechanisms of peripheral selectivity include physicochemical hydrophilicity and large molecular size, which prevent drug permeation through the lipid bilayer cell membranes of the blood–brain barrier, and efflux out of the brain by ...
Ruthenium anti-cancer drugs are coordination complexes of ruthenium complexes that have anticancer properties. They promise to provide alternatives to platinum -based drugs for anticancer therapy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Triruthenium carbonyl complexes containing maltol, ethylmaltol, N-phenyl and N-benzyl 4-pyridones show excellent anticancer activity.