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The automatic calculation of particle interaction or decay is part of the computational particle physics branch. It refers to computing tools that help calculating the complex particle interactions as studied in high-energy physics , astroparticle physics and cosmology .
There are two common approaches to kinetic description of a plasma. One is based on representing the smoothed distribution function on a grid in velocity and position. The other, known as the particle-in-cell (PIC) technique, includes kinetic information by following the trajectories of a large number of individual particles. Kinetic models are ...
Another type of innovative neutron generator is the inertial electrostatic confinement fusion device. This neutron generator avoids using a solid target which will be sputter eroded causing metalization of insulating surfaces. Depletion of the reactant gas within the solid target is also avoided. Far greater operational lifetime is achieved.
Standard Model of Particle Physics. The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson, the three generations of quarks and leptons, and the gauge bosons), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces.
The remaining two half-lines in the two X s can be linked to each other in two ways, so that the total number of ways to form the diagram is 4 × 3 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 2, while the denominator is 4! × 4! × 2!. The total symmetry factor is 2, and the contribution of this diagram is divided by 2.
Bubble diagrams, which result in the RPA when summed up. Solid lines stand for interacting or non-interacting Green's functions, dashed lines for two-particle interactions. The random phase approximation (RPA) is an approximation method in condensed matter physics and nuclear physics.
Event generators are software libraries that generate simulated high-energy particle physics events. [1] [2] They randomly generate events as those produced in particle accelerators, collider experiments or the early universe. Events come in different types called processes as discussed in the Automatic calculation of particle interaction or ...
Diagrammatically, the Luttinger–Ward functional is the sum of all closed, bold, two-particle irreducible Feynman diagrams (also known as “skeleton” diagrams): The diagrams are closed as they do not have any external legs, i.e., no particles going in or out of the diagram.