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A cancer vaccine, or oncovaccine, is a vaccine that either treats existing cancer or prevents development of cancer. [1] Vaccines that treat existing cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccines or tumor antigen vaccines. Some of the vaccines are "autologous", being prepared from samples taken from the patient, and are specific to that patient.
To produce viral vaccines, candidate vaccine viruses are grown in mammalian, avian or insect tissue culture of cells with a finite lifespan. [5] These cells are typically Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells, [6] but others are also used including monkey cell lines pMK and Vero and human cell lines HEK 293, MRC 5, Per.C6, PMK, and WI-38. [7]
The dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine is an innovation in therapeutic strategy for cancer patients. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells for the induction of antigen specific T cell response. [1] DC-based immunotherapy is safe and can promote antitumor immune responses and prolonged survival of cancer patients. [2]
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Whole-cell pertussis vaccine stimulates natural infection better than the acellular pertussis vaccine. [4] [5]Even though cell-mediated immunity persists in patients received with the acellular pertussis vaccine, stronger lymphocytic proliferation, specifically memory T helper 1 cell and T helper 17 cells and cytokine responses are observed in patients received with the whole cell pertussis ...
Pharmaceutical companies Moderna and Merck & Co are developing an experimental cancer vaccine that a mid-stage study showed cut the chance of recurrence or death from melanoma - the most deadly ...
Peto's paradox is the observation that, at the species level, the incidence of cancer does not appear to correlate with the number of cells in an organism. [1] For example, the incidence of cancer in humans is much higher than the incidence of cancer in whales, [2] despite a whale having about 1000 times more cells than a human. [3]