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Gravity casting is among the oldest known processes for fabricating metals and metal alloys. [1] It involves the pouring of molten metal from a crucible into a mold under only the force of gravity, without the use of pressurized gases, vacuums, or centrifugal force .
Tufa is a variety of limestone formed when carbonate minerals precipitate out of water in unheated rivers or lakes. Geothermally heated hot springs sometimes produce similar (but less porous) carbonate deposits, which are known as travertine or thermogene travertine .
Tape casting (also called doctor blading, knife coating, and shank shifting) [1] is a casting process used in the manufacture of thin ceramic tapes and sheets from ceramic slurry. [2] The ceramic slurry is cast in a thin layer onto a flat surface and then dried and sintered. [3] It's a part of powder metallurgy. [4]: 167
The process then forms a gel type of mixture, which is then cast into a proper mould. The next step, after the gel solidification, it is removed from the mould in a controlled manner and then being dried to form a green body. The outcome here has interesting mechanical properties and is capable of being machined at this step.
Casting process simulation uses numerical methods to calculate cast component quality considering mold filling, solidification and cooling, and provides a quantitative prediction of casting mechanical properties, thermal stresses and distortion. Simulation accurately describes a cast component's quality up-front before production starts.
Directional solidification can be used as a purification process. Since most impurities will be more soluble in the liquid than in the solid phase during solidification, impurities will be "pushed" by the solidification front, causing much of the finished casting to have a lower concentration of impurities than the feedstock material, while the ...
The most notable attribute of this thin-film process technology is the ability to alternate the material properties (i.e. strength, durometer, color, lubricity) amongst the individual layers or even down the length of the part, resulting in a feature-rich single-piece construction.
The Swiss recognized its benefits and soon employed centrifugally cast pipes for conveying water - the pipes laid at that time are still in use today. Step by step, the pipes were improved, the manufacturing process was automated, the product range extended and tailor-made fittings were added to the product range during the subsequent years. [5]