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Sioux is a Siouan language spoken by over 30,000 Sioux in the United States and Canada, making it the fifth most spoken Indigenous language in the United States or Canada, behind Navajo, Cree, Inuit languages, and Ojibwe. [4] [5]
Today, half of all enrolled Sioux in the United States live off-reservation. Enrolled members in any of the Sioux tribes in the United States are required to have ancestry that is at least 1/4 degree Sioux (the equivalent to one grandparent). [131] In Canada, the Canadian government recognizes the tribal community as First Nations.
The Western Siouan languages, also called Siouan proper or simply Siouan, [1] are a large language family native to North America.They are closely related to the Catawban languages, sometimes called Eastern Siouan, and together with them constitute the Siouan (Siouan–Catawban) language family.
Though many Sioux people themselves now report "he who takes the fat" as the original meaning of wašíču, this explanation of the word may be a relatively recent phenomenon. Linguist David R. Roth, writing in 1975 about the etymology of wašíču, reports that at that time Sioux people mostly believed the term wašíču came from iwašičuƞ ...
Chokio – from Dakota or Sioux word for "the middle" [76] Cohasset – named after Cohasset, Massachusetts, from the Massachusett word "Conahasset," possibly meaning "long rocky place" [77] or "fishing promontory." [78] Cokato – named after a Siouan word meaning "amid" [79] Endion – from Ojibwe Endaayaan: "where I live" [80] [81]
It is further divided into words that come from Arawakan, Aymara, Carib, Mayan, Nahuatl, Quechua, Taíno, Tarahumara, Tupi and uncertain (the word is known to be from the Americas, but the exact source language is unclear). Some of these words have alternate etymologies and may also appear on a list of Spanish words from a different language.
In the Dakota language, affixes are used to change the meaning of words by attaching to the root word. Affixes can be added to both nouns and verbs, and they come in the form of prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word, infixes inside of the word, and suffixes are added to the end of a word.
The Yuchi isolate may be the closest relative of Sioux–Catawban, based on both sound changes and morphological comparison. [9] In the 19th century, Robert Latham suggested that the Siouan languages are related to the Caddoan and Iroquoian languages. In 1931, Louis Allen presented the first list of systematic correspondences between a set of ...