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The Reinke's space is sometimes referred to as the superficial lamina propria. [5] Reinke's edema is characterized by the "sac-like" appearance of the fluid-filled vocal cords. [6] The swelling of the vocal folds causes the voice to become deep and hoarse. Therefore, the major symptom of Reinke's edema is a hoarseness similar to laryngitis.
Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a condition affecting the vocal cords. [1] It is characterized by abnormal closure of the vocal folds, which can result in significant difficulties and distress during breathing , particularly during inhalation .
Ligament vocal fold cysts- located within the deeper layers of the lamina propria or on the vocal ligament. [1] The symptoms of vocal fold cysts vary but most commonly include a hoarse voice and problems with the pitch of the voice. Vocal fold cysts are diagnosed based on gathering a case history, perceptual examination, and laryngeal imaging. [3]
The lamina propria is a thin layer of loose (areolar) connective tissue, which lies beneath the epithelium, and together with the epithelium and basement membrane constitutes the mucosa. As its Latin name indicates, it is a characteristic component of the mucosa, or the mucosa's "own special layer."
Due to the primarily amorphous fibrous and nonfibrous proteins in the lamina propria, the basement membrane applies strong anchoring-filaments like collagen IV and VII to secure the hemidesmosome of basal cell to the lamina propria. These attachments are strong enough to sustain beating and stretch, to which the vocal cords are subjected. [4]
The vocalis muscle, main body of the vocal cords, is covered by the mucosa, which consists of the epithelium and the lamina propria. [11] The latter is a pliable layer of connective tissue subdivided into three layers: the superficial layer (SL), the intermediate layer (IL), and the deep layer (DL). [ 12 ]
MTD is a unifying diagnosis for a previously poorly categorized disease process. It allows for the diagnosis of dysphonia caused by many different etiologies and can be confirmed by history, physical exam, laryngoscopy and videostroboscopy, a technique that allows for the direct visualization of the larynx, vocal cords, and vocal cord motion. [4]
Contact granuloma is a condition that develops due to persistent tissue irritation in the posterior larynx. [1] [2] Benign granulomas, not to be confused with other types of granulomas, occur on the vocal process of the vocal folds, where the vocal ligament attaches.