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African Americans have significantly contributed to the history, culture, and development of Illinois since the early 18th century. The African American presence dates back to the French colonial era where the French brought black slaves to the U.S. state of Illinois early in its history, [3] and spans periods of slavery, migration, civil rights movement, and more.
Road trips for African Americans were inconvenient and in some cases dangerous because of racial segregation, racial profiling by police, the phenomenon of travelers just "disappearing" [further explanation needed] [citation needed], and the existence of numerous sundown towns. According to author Kate Kelly, "there were at least 10,000 ...
The city's racial discrimination practices were reported by The Spokesman-Review in 1954 as a contributing factor to its decision not to construct a community college. [167] Despite protests from the NAACP in 1963, its sundown town status prompted the Washington State Board of Discrimination to indict Kennewick for racial discrimination on July ...
In 1908, Springfield was a transportation hub, connected by railroad to other major cities such as Indianapolis, Louisville, and Kansas City, etc. [9] Illinois is often considered a microcosm of the U.S. and Springfield, with about 45,000 people at the time, most of whom were working class, was described as an "average American community".
1866–1947: Segregation, voting [Statute] Enacted 17 Jim Crow laws between 1866 and 1947 in the areas of miscegenation (6) and education (2), employment (1) and a residential ordinance passed by the city of San Francisco that required all Chinese inhabitants to live in one area of the city.
Chicago, Illinois – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1970 [7] Pop 1980 [8] Pop 1990 [9] Pop 2000 [10] Pop ...
Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. Segregation can involve the spatial separation of the races, and mandatory use of different institutions, such as schools and hospitals by people of different races.
A Manhattan Institute study entitled “The End of the Segregated Century: Racial Separation in America's Neighborhoods, 1890-2010” studied segregation in U.S. cities with the largest population of black residents. [9] The study ranked each city by a dissimilarity index and an isolation index. The dissimilarity index measures the extent to ...