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Doxorubicin showed better activity than daunorubicin against mouse tumors, and especially solid tumors. It also showed a higher therapeutic index, yet the cardiotoxicity remained. [50] Doxorubicin and daunorubicin together can be thought of as prototype compounds for the anthracyclines. Subsequent research has led to many other anthracycline ...
Two doxorubicin molecules intercalated within DNA. [1] Anthracyclines are a class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy that are extracted from Streptomyces peucetius bacterium. [2] [3] [4] These compounds are used to treat many cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, breast, stomach, uterine, ovarian, bladder cancer, and lung cancers.
Currently, there are four main anthracyclines in medical use: Doxorubicin; Daunorubicin (doxorubicin precursor) Epirubicin (a doxorubicin stereoisomer) Idarubicin (a daunorubicin derivative) [17] Idarubicin is able to pass through cell membranes easier than daunorubicin and doxorubicin because it possesses less polar subunits, making it more ...
Use in pregnancy may harm the fetus. [2] Daunorubicin is in the anthracycline family of medication. [3] It works in part by blocking the function of topoisomerase II. [2] Daunorubicin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979. [2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [4]
Cardiotoxicity (heart damage) is especially prominent with the use of anthracycline drugs (doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, and liposomal doxorubicin). The cause of this is most likely due to the production of free radicals in the cell and subsequent DNA damage .
[4] [6] It contains the liposomal bound daunorubicin, an anthracycline topoisomerase inhibitor, and cytarabine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor. [ 4 ] Medical uses
The total plasma clearance of epirubicin is approximately 45 to 50 L/h/m2, which is almost 2-fold higher than that of doxorubicin. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve values (adjusted for dose) are 1.3 to 1.7 times higher for doxorubicin than epirubicin following single-dose intravenous administration.
[10] The United States Food and Drug Administration has also approved a dexrazoxane for use as a treatment of extravasation resulting from IV anthracycline chemotherapy . [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Extravasation is an adverse event in which chemotherapies containing anthracylines leak out of the blood vessel and necrotize the surrounding tissue.