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Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) has both antibacterial and anti-secretory actions that help with diarrhea. [1] Once in the gut, BSS gets broken down into bismuth and salicylic acid. [ 1 ] Bismuth produces other bismuth salts, which blocks the binding and proliferation of bacteria in stomach mucosal cells, leading to a decrease in inflammation in ...
Secretory diarrhea means that there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions (Cl –).
Bile acid malabsorption (BAM), known also as bile acid diarrhea, is a cause of several gut-related problems, the main one being chronic diarrhea.It has also been called bile acid-induced diarrhea, cholerheic or choleretic enteropathy, bile salt diarrhea or bile salt malabsorption.
Federal health officials are investigating overdoses and deaths involving the use of anti-diarrhea drugs.
Cholera toxin B pentamer, Vibrio cholerae. The complete toxin is a hexamer made up of a single copy of the A subunit (part A, enzymatic, ), and five copies of the B subunit (part B, receptor binding, ), denoted as AB 5.
This leads to a secretory diarrhea within a few hours of ingesting enterotoxin. Several microbial organisms contain the necessary enterotoxin to create such an effect, such as Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. [3] The drug linaclotide, used to treat some forms of constipation, is based on the mechanism of enterotoxins. [3]
Thus, diarrhea can be categorized into secretory diarrhea, an excess of secretion, or osmotic diarrhea which is a lack of absorption. Usually both categories are present in chronic diarrhea of infants. [12] Secretory diarrhea can be caused by either infectious or non-infectious agents.
Opioids' classical use besides pain relief is as an anti-diarrhoeal drug. Opioids have agonist actions on the intestinal opioid receptors, which when activated cause constipation . Drugs such as morphine or codeine can be used to relieve diarrhoea this way.
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