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In the late 18th century, the Ottoman Empire faced threats on numerous frontiers from multiple industrialised European powers. [1] In response, the Empire initiated a period of internal reform to centralize and standardise governance across its interconnected provinces, attempting to bring itself into competition with the expanding West.
The Ottoman government began to open embassies and send officials to study in Europe. This created conditions for the "gradual formation of a group of reformers with a certain knowledge of the modern world and a conviction that the empire must belong to it or perish". [6]
The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63328-4. Quataert, Donald (2004). "A provisional report concerning the impact of European capital on Ottoman port workers, 1880–1909". In Huri İslamoğlu-İnan (ed.). The Ottoman Empire and the World-Economy. Studies in Modern Capitalism. Vol. 12.
"Ottomans" Expansion 18 April 2023 Domination refers to the great powers of the early modern period. It focuses on new mission trees and mechanics for the Ottoman Empire, Ming, Ashikaga, Russia, France, Spain, and Great Britain. Content for the minor nations of Prussia, Portugal, and Korea is also included. [36] King of Kings: 1.36 "Byzantium"
The idea of Ottomanism originated amongst the Young Ottomans (founded in 1865) in concepts such as the acceptance of all separate ethnicities in the Empire regardless of their religion, i.e., all were to be "Ottomans" with equal rights. In other words, Ottomanism held that all subjects were equal before the law.
Some themes in modern Islamic thought include: The acknowledgement "with varying degrees of criticism or emulation", of the technological, scientific and legal achievements of the West; while at the same time objecting "to Western colonial exploitation of Muslim countries and the imposition of Western secular values" and aiming to develop a modern and dynamic understanding of science among ...
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The Tanzimat [a] (Ottoman Turkish: تنظيمات, Turkish: Tanzimat, lit.'Reorganization') was a period of liberal reforms in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Edict of 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.