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Right-hand boat: Up wind (close-hauled) with attached airflow—predominant lift component both propels the boat and contributes to heel. Points of sail (and predominant sail force component for a displacement sailboat). A. Luffing (no propulsive force) — 0–30° B. Close-Hauled (lift)— 30–50° C. Beam Reach (lift)— 90°
A sail is a tensile structure, which is made from fabric or other membrane materials, that uses wind power to propel sailing craft, including sailing ships, sailboats, windsurfers, ice boats, and even sail-powered land vehicles. Sails may be made from a combination of woven materials—including canvas or polyester cloth, laminated membranes or ...
Sailing employs the wind—acting on sails, wingsails or kites—to propel a craft on the surface of the water (sailing ship, sailboat, raft, windsurfer, or kitesurfer), on ice or on land over a chosen course, which is often part of a larger plan of navigation.
Defined by sail plan. All masts have fore-and-aft sails. Schooner: fore-and-aft rigged sails, with two or more masts, the aftermost mast taller or equal to the height of the forward mast(s) All masts have square sails. Brig: two masts, square rigged (may have a spanker on the aftermost) Full-rigged ship: three or more masts, all of them square ...
Points of sail: the shaded area is the "no-sail" zone. Beating to windward on short (P1), medium (P2), and long (P3) tacks, each with a progressively wider corridor over the water. Sails are limited in how close to the direction of the wind they can power a sailing craft. The area towards the wind defining those limits is called the "no-sail zone".
A wingsail, twin-skin sail [1] or double skin sail [2] is a variable-camber aerodynamic structure that is fitted to a marine vessel in place of conventional sails. Wingsails are analogous to airplane wings , except that they are designed to provide lift on either side to accommodate being on either tack .
A Magnus rotor used to propel a ship is called a rotor sail and is mounted with its axis vertical. When the wind blows from the side, the Magnus effect creates a forward thrust. The most common form of rotor sail is the Flettner rotor. [4] [failed verification] The wind does not power the rotor, which is rotated by its own power source.
This keeps the boat from moving in the direction of the sail force. Although total sail force is to the side when sailing into the wind, a proper angle of attack moves the boat forward. [1] Another way of stating this is as follows: The more the sail is angled from the centerline of the hull, the more the force points forward rather than to the ...