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In the African meningitis belt, the WHO defines a meningococcal epidemic as at least 100 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in a year. [10] At its peak, the incidence of meningococcal disease has reached rates of up to 1,000 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, such as during the epidemics of 1996 and 2000–2001. [ 11 ]
The middle element of the meninges is the arachnoid mater, or arachnoid membrane, so named because of its resemblance to a spider web. It cushions the central nervous system . This thin, transparent membrane is composed of fibrous tissue and, like the pia mater, has an outer layer of tightly packed flat cells, forming the arachnoid barrier .
The following chart lists countries and dependencies along with their capital cities, in English and non-English official language(s). In bold: internationally recognized sovereign states. The 193 member states of the United Nations (UN) Vatican City (administered by the Holy See, a UN observer state), which is generally recognized as a ...
Pontine nuclei; Pontine cranial nerve nuclei. Chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V); Motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V); Abducens nucleus (VI) ...
The middle meningeal artery is the largest of the three (paired) arteries that supply the meninges, the others being the anterior meningeal artery and the posterior meningeal artery. The anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery runs beneath the pterion. It is vulnerable to injury at this point, where the skull is thin.
[3] [8] Meningitis can lead to serious long-term consequences such as deafness, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, or cognitive deficits, especially if not treated quickly. [2] [3] In 2019, meningitis was diagnosed in about 7.7 million people worldwide, [9] of whom 236,000 died, down from 433,000 deaths in 1990. [9]
The cranial region includes the upper part of the head while the; facial region includes the lower half of the head beginning below the ears.; The forehead is referred to as the frontal region.
The trigeminal cave is formed by the two layers of dura mater (endosteal and meningeal) which are part of an evagination of the cerebellar tentorium near the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone.