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Isis therefore guaranteed fertile harvests and protected the ships that carried the resulting food across the seas—and thus ensured the well-being of the empire as a whole. [168] Her protection of the state was said to extend to Rome's armies, much as it was in Ptolemaic Egypt, and she was sometimes called Isis Invicta, "Unconquered Isis". [169]
[3] [4] [9] [11] [12] The fifth and last story tells about the heroine Rededjet (also often read as Ruddedet) and her difficult birth of three sons. The sun god Ra orders his companions Isis, Meskhenet, Hekhet, Nephthys, and Khnum to help Rededjet, to ensure the birth of the triplets and the beginning of a new dynasty.
Sources as early as the Pyramid Texts, in the Fifth Dynasty indicate that Isis was connected with the region of Sebennytos, and she and her cult may have originated there. [4] However, major temples were not dedicated to her until the Thirtieth Dynasty, when her temples at Philae and at Behbeit El Hagar began construction. [6]
The Fifth Dynasty of Egypt is a group of nine kings ruling Egypt for approximately 150 years in the 25th and 24th centuries BC. [note 1] The relative succession of kings is not entirely secured as there are contradictions between historical sources and archaeological evidence regarding the reign of the shadowy Shepseskare.
The Maxims of Ptahhotep or Instruction of Ptahhotep is an ancient Egyptian literary composition by the Vizier Ptahhotep around 2375–2350 BC, during the rule of King Djedkare Isesi of the Fifth Dynasty. [1] The text was discovered in Thebes in 1847 by Egyptologist M. Prisse d'Avennes. [2]
'[That Which] Is In the Afterworld, also translated as Text of the Hidden Chamber Which is in the Underworld and Book of What is in the Underworld', (Arabic: كتاب الآخرة, romanized: Kitāb al-ākhirah, lit. 'The Book of the Hereafter') [1] is an important ancient Egyptian funerary text of the New Kingdom of Egypt.
The Historical Records of the Five Dynasties (Wudai Shiji) is a Chinese history book on the Five Dynasties period (907–960), written by the Song dynasty official Ouyang Xiu in private. It was drafted during Ouyang's exile from 1036 to 1039 but not published until 1073, a year after his death. [ 2 ]
German Egytpologist Peter Munro separately speculated that Meresankh IV was the mother of the king Unas, [16] the last ruler of the Fifth Dynasty. Baud prefers to date Meresankh IV to the reigns of either Nyuserre or Menkauhor , though he acknowledges the possibility she might have lived later in the dynasty. [ 8 ]