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Martin originally intended his book to be a graduate-level textbook for students planning to become mathematics teachers. [2] However, as well as this use, it can also be read by anyone who is interested in the history of geometry and has an undergraduate-level background in abstract algebra, or used as a reference work on the topic of geometric constructions.
Many of these problems are easily solvable provided that other geometric transformations are allowed; for example, neusis construction can be used to solve the former two problems. In terms of algebra , a length is constructible if and only if it represents a constructible number , and an angle is constructible if and only if its cosine is a ...
The concept of constructibility as discussed in this article applies specifically to compass and straightedge constructions. More constructions become possible if other tools are allowed. The so-called neusis constructions, for example, make use of a marked ruler. The constructions are a mathematical idealization and are assumed to be done exactly.
More generally, the constructibility of all powers of 5 greater than 5 itself by marked ruler and compass is an open problem, along with all primes greater than 11 of the form p = 2 r 3 s 5 t + 1 where t > 0 (all prime numbers that are greater than 11 and equal to one more than a regular number that is divisible by 10).
Hyperbolic geometry is a non-Euclidean geometry where the first four axioms of Euclidean geometry are kept but the fifth axiom, the parallel postulate, is changed.The fifth axiom of hyperbolic geometry says that given a line L and a point P not on that line, there are at least two lines passing through P that are parallel to L. [1]
The following construction is a variation of H. W. Richmond's construction. The differences to the original: The circle k 2 determines the point H instead of the bisector w 3. The circle k 4 around the point G' (reflection of the point G at m) yields the point N, which is no longer so close to M, for the construction of the tangent.
2022 revision of Form 990. Form 990 (officially, the "Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax" [1]) is a United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) form that provides the public with information about a nonprofit organization. [2] It is also used by government agencies to prevent organizations from abusing their tax-exempt status. [3]