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Seismometer in operation recording a seismogram. Accelerographs and geophones are often heavy cylindrical magnets with a spring-mounted coil inside. As the case moves, the coil tends to stay stationary, so the magnetic field cuts the wires, inducing current in the output wires.
K (from the Russian word класс, 'class', in the sense of a category [57]) is a measure of earthquake magnitude in the energy class or K-class system, developed in 1955 by Soviet seismologists in the remote Garm region of Central Asia; in revised form it is still used for local and regional quakes in many states formerly aligned with the ...
A seismogram is a graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time. Seismograms typically record motions in three cartesian axes (x, y, and z), with the z axis perpendicular to the Earth's surface and the x- and y- axes parallel to the surface.
Seismology (/ s aɪ z ˈ m ɒ l ə dʒ i, s aɪ s-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies.
The understanding of the Earth's seismic velocity structure has developed significantly since the advent of modern seismology.The invention of the seismogram in the 19th-century catalyzed the systematic study of seismic velocity structure by enabling the recording and analysis of seismic waves.
Data collected from four seismometers placed by the Apollo missions have been used many times to create 1-D velocity profiles for the moon, [54] [55] [56] and less commonly 3-D tomographic models. [57] Tomography relies on having multiple seismometers, but tomography-adjacent methods for constraining Earth structure have been used on other planets.
Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake.They are distinguished from seismic magnitude scales, which measure the magnitude or overall strength of an earthquake, which may, or perhaps may not, cause perceptible shaking.
The moment magnitude scale (MMS; denoted explicitly with M w or Mwg, and generally implied with use of a single M for magnitude [1]) is a measure of an earthquake's magnitude ("size" or strength) based on its seismic moment.