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Large, high quality research has found small differences in the brain between ADHD and non-ADHD patients. [1] [15] Jonathan Leo and David Cohen, critics who reject the characterization of ADHD as a disorder, contended in 2003 and 2004 that the controls for stimulant medication usage were inadequate in some lobar volumetric studies, which makes it impossible to determine whether ADHD itself or ...
The hunter versus farmer hypothesis is a proposed explanation for the nature of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It was first suggested by radio host Thom Hartmann in his book Attention Deficit Disorder: A Different Perception.
Studies on adults with ADHD have shown that, more often than not, they experience self-stigma and depression in childhood, commonly resulting from feeling neglected and different from their peers. [24] These problems may play a role in the high levels of depression, substance abuse, and relationship problems that affect adults with ADHD later ...
The lack of the empathy associated with ASPD is thought to be linked to the low arousal theory. A study conducted showed that people diagnosed with ASPD showed less physiological arousal to pictures of people crying than people who were not. [9] ADHD is often a precursor for ASPD. ADHD often co-occurs with conduct disorders 30–50% of the time ...
ADHD is generally believed to be a children's disorder and is not commonly studied in adults. Research suggests that the overall percentage of adults with ADHD is 4.4%. [105] However, ADHD in adults results in lower household incomes, less educational achievement as well as a higher risk of marital issues and substance abuse. [106]
Neurofeedback (NF) or EEG biofeedback is a treatment strategy used for children, adolescents and adults with ADHD. [234] The human brain emits electrical energy which is measured with electrodes. Neurofeedback alerts the patient when beta waves are present. This theory believes that those with ADHD can train themselves to decrease ADHD symptoms.
ADHD is estimated to affect about 6–7% of people aged 18 and under when diagnosed via the DSM-IV criteria. [342] When diagnosed via the ICD-10 criteria, rates in this age group are estimated around 1–2%. [343] Rates are similar between countries and differences in rates depend mostly on how it is diagnosed. [344]
Research from the 1980s popularized the belief that ADHD stimulants such as amphetamine have a calming effect in individuals with ADHD, but opposite effects in the general population. [2] Research in the early 2000s, however, disputes this claim, suggesting that ADHD stimulants have similar effects in adults with and without ADHD. [3] [4]