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Underbone and miniature motorcycles often have a three to five-speed foot-shift lever, but the clutch is automatic (usually a centrifugal clutch). This type of clutchless (no manual clutch) transmission still must have the gears shifted manually by the rider, and the system is commonly known as a semi-automatic transmission.
Semi-automatic transmissions were almost exclusively used in motorcycles and are based on conventional manual transmissions or sequential manual transmissions, but use an automatic clutch system. But some semi-automatic transmissions have also been based on standard hydraulic automatic transmissions with torque converters and planetary gearsets ...
The designers at Moto Guzzi were aiming the V1000 Convert at the US police motorcycle market and were the first to produce a big capacity automatic motorcycle with shaft drive. Moto Guzzi increased the pushrod-operated V-twin's bore and stroke to give a displacement of 949 cc (57.9 cu in), and replaced manual gearbox with a torque converter ...
The original Servi-Cycle design had the engine drive the rear wheel by belt, with no transmission or clutch, requiring the engine to be shut off while the cycle is at rest. [8] In 1941, a pedal-operated clutch was added. [10] By 1950, Simplex added a belt-type automatic transmission.
Automated manual transmissions can be semi-automatic or fully-automatic in operation. Several different systems to automate the clutch and/or shifting have been used over the years, but they will generally use one of the following methods of actuation for the clutch and/or shifting: hydraulic or electro-hydraulic actuation, [12] electro-mechanical, [13] pneumatic, [6] [14] [15] electromagnetic ...
The clutch brake not only slows or stops the idle gear axis but can also prevent shifting into gear until the clutch pedal is released a few centimetres (or inches) off the floor. In order to shift into gear, the clutch must be halfway off the floor, otherwise, the clutch brake will prevent the transmission from being shifted into or out of gear.
The original Hondamatic, like all following Honda automatics, featured gears on parallel axes rather than planetary gears like most other automatic transmissions. The two gears for each ratio - one driving and the other driven - are in constant mesh and each ratio is engaged by a dedicated clutch connected to one of the ratio's two gears.
semi-automatic transmissions are also in use; where the driver's input is still required for shifting gears, but the clutch system is controlled and operated automatically. These systems are mostly found on smaller dirt bikes (e.g., minibikes; such as pit bikes), underbones, many older mopeds and scooters, and various other types of motorcycles.