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In this perspective, God allowed a foreign power—Rome—to conquer Jerusalem as a punishment for Israel’s sins, which were made manifest through internal divisions and self-destructive actions. [308] The Babylonian Talmud (Gittin 55b–57a) provides an extensive narrative detailing the destruction of Jerusalem and the factors that led to it.
Third Punic War and destruction of Carthage (149–146 BCE) [2] 147 BC - Battle of the Port of Carthage - Roman forces under Lucius Hostilius Mancinus are defeated by the Carthaginians. Second Battle of Neferis - Roman forces under Scipio Aemilianus win a decisive victory against Carthage marking the turning point in the Third Punic War.
The First Jewish-Roman War ended with the devastating siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, including the burning of the Second Temple—the center of Jewish religious and national life. Roman forces destroyed other towns and villages throughout Judaea, causing massive loss of life and displacement of the population. [12]
The funds were redirected to the rebuilding and maintenance of the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus in Rome, which had been destroyed during the civil war of 69 CE. [429] [427] [430] [431] The tax implicitly held all Jews—whether in Judaea or the diaspora—responsible for the revolt, even though most had no role in the conflict. [432]
AD 80: Rome was partially destroyed by fire. March: The Colosseum was completed. AD 81: 13 September: Titus died of fever. He was succeeded by his younger brother Domitian. AD 85: Agricola was recalled to Rome. AD 86: Domitian's Dacian War: The Dacian king Decebalus invaded Moesia. AD 88
St Peter, the first Pope, was crucified in Rome in 67 AD The Colosseum opened in 80 AD. 27 BC - Augustus is made Rome's first emperor. 13 BC - The Senate commissions the Ara Pacis to honor Augustus' return to Rome. c. 60 AD - Paul the Apostle arrives in Rome. 64 AD - The Great Fire of Rome, rumored to be blamed by Nero on the Christians. c. 65 ...
Hyrcanus II, the last major scion of the Hasmoneans, was executed in 30 BC. [ 14 ] [ 20 ] Herod would rule the Herodian kingdom until his death in 4 BC, an ever-faithful client king of Rome. Herod's siege of Jerusalem may have inspired Psalm of Solomon 17, the earliest text expressing the expectation of a Davidic messiah .
In 70, the new regime finally won the legions' surrender after negotiations, mainly because they lacked an alternative to Vespasian. Later, the new regime distorted the events—especially through the writings of the historian Tacitus —in order to remove the embarrassment of having relied on the Batavi to fight Roman legions.