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Prior to World War II, there were some areas where a modern ambulance carried advanced medical equipment, was staffed by a physician, and was dispatched by radio. In many locations, however, ambulances were hearses , the only available vehicle that could carry a recumbent patient, and were thus frequently run by funeral homes .
The history of the ambulance begins in ancient times, with the use of carts to transport patients. Ambulances were first used for emergency transport in 1487 by the Spanish forces during the siege of Málaga by the Catholic monarchs against the Emirate of Granada, [ 1 ] and civilian variants were put into operation in the 1830s.
Equipment and procedures are necessarily limited in the pre-hospital environment, and EMS professionals are trained to follow a formal and carefully designed decision tree (more commonly referred to as a "protocol") which has been approved by Medical Control. This protocol helps ensure a consistent approach to the most common types of ...
Two-way radio – One of the most important pieces of equipment in modern emergency medical services as it allows for the issuing of jobs to the ambulance, and can allow the crew to pass information back to control or to the hospital (for example a priority ASHICE message to alert the hospital of the impending arrival of a critical patient ...
The earliest ambulances were usually accompanied by a physician on emergency call. [2] However, by the 1960s, ambulance services, while becoming ubiquitous, were poorly supported and staffed and unevenly trained. 50% of the ambulance services were provided by morticians, primarily because their hearses were able to accommodate patients on litters. [2]
Recommended treatments would change regularly, often changing more like a fashion than a scientific discipline. Associated technologies also rapidly evolved and changed, with medical equipment manufacturers having to adapt equipment that worked inadequately outside of hospitals, to be able to cope with the less controlled pre-hospital environment.
In the research report, the National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council Committees on Trauma and Shock, a federally funded department of the government, concluded, in part, that both the public and government were "insensitive to the magnitude of the problem of accidental death and injury" in the U.S.; that the standards to which ...
An ambulance with two red revolving lights mounted above two flashing red lights, with two speakers between for the vehicle's electronic siren.Also seen are two antennae; the one seen between the two speakers is for a two-way radio, while the one seen in front of the flashing light on the left is probably for the vehicle's conventional AM/FM radio.