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Lava fountain 4. Volcanic ash rain 5. Volcanic bomb 6. Lava flow 7. Layers of lava and ash 8. Stratum 9. Sill 10. Magma conduit 11. Magma chamber 12. Dike) Click for larger version. Vulcanian eruptions are a type of volcanic eruption named after the volcano Vulcano. [24] It was named so following Giuseppe Mercalli's observations of its 1888 ...
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A volcano needs a reservoir of molten magma (e.g. a magma chamber), a conduit to allow magma to rise through the crust, and a vent to allow the magma to escape above the surface as lava. The erupted volcanic material (lava and tephra) that is deposited around the vent is known as a volcanic edifice, typically a volcanic cone or mountain. [2] [22]
Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, especially active ones, to observe volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of enquiry is the prediction of eruptions; there is currently no accurate way to do this, but predicting or forecasting eruptions, like ...
Some of these volcanic rocks bear traces of hydrothermal alteration. In some places the layers of volcanic rocks are as thick as 100 m (330 ft). [27] There may be other volcanoes buried in the sediment pile; [28] at least four separate aeromagnetic anomalies have been found at the Salton Buttes, and these may be signs of buried volcanoes. [11]
Pages in category "Start-Class WikiProject Volcanoes articles" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,689 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
Volcanoes are usually mountains (sometimes islands, lakes, plateaus, calderas, seamounts or lava domes) that are formed when magma (liquid rock) wells up from inside the Earth. There are also analogous formations away from the Earth. Many volcanoes are categorized both as volcanoes and other landforms, such as mountains (if qualified).