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For example, if the feed is a saturated liquid, q = 1 and the slope of the q-line is infinite (drawn as a vertical line). As another example, if the feed is saturated vapor, q = 0 and the slope of the q-line is 0 (a horizontal line). [2] The typical McCabe–Thiele diagram in Figure 1 uses a q-line representing a partially vaporized feed.
Random column packing is the practice of packing a distillation column with randomly fitting filtration material in order to optimize surface area over which reactants can interact while minimizing the complexity of construction of such columns. Random column packing is an alternative to structured column packing.
A packed bed used to perform separation processes, such as absorption, stripping, and distillation is known as a packed column. [1] Columns used in certain types of chromatography consisting of a tube filled with packing material can also be called packed columns and their structure has similarities to packed beds.
In 1943 Dr Olaf George Dixon of ICI applied for a patent of a new product for column distillation. [1] He used stainless steel mesh instead of sheet steel in the Lessing ring in order to improve the pressure drop of the packed column (in fact, they were called "wire gauze Lessing rings" in a 1949 publication [2]).
To calculate the pressure drop in a given reactor, the following equation may be deduced: = + | |. This arrangement of the Ergun equation makes clear its close relationship to the simpler Kozeny-Carman equation, which describes laminar flow of fluids across packed beds via the first term on the right hand side.
Algae bioreactor Representation of a bubble column reactor.. A bubble column reactor is a chemical reactor that belongs to the general class of multiphase reactors, which consists of three main categories: trickle bed reactor (fixed or packed bed), fluidized bed reactor, and bubble column reactor. [1]
An under-packed column can reduce the relative surface area of the stationary phase accessible to smaller species, resulting in those species spending less time trapped in pores. Unlike affinity chromatography techniques, a solvent head at the top of the column can drastically diminish resolution as the sample diffuses prior to loading ...
Structured packing. The term structured packing refers to a range of specially designed materials for use in absorption and distillation columns. [1] Structured packings typically consist of thin corrugated metal plates or gauzes arranged in a way that force fluids to take complicated paths through the column, thereby creating a large surface area for contact between different phases.