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Web Mercator, Google Web Mercator, Spherical Mercator, WGS 84 Web Mercator[1] or WGS 84/Pseudo-Mercator is a variant of the Mercator map projection and is the de facto standard for Web mapping applications. It rose to prominence when Google Maps adopted it in 2005. [2] It is used by virtually all major online map providers, including Google ...
The WGS 84 datum surface is an oblate spheroid with equatorial radius a = 6 378 137 m at the equator and flattening f = 1 ⁄ 298.257 223 563. The refined value of the WGS 84 gravitational constant (mass of Earth's atmosphere included) is GM = 3.986 004 418 × 10 14 m 3 /s 2. The angular velocity of the Earth is defined to be ω = 72.921 15 × ...
A geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame, or terrestrial reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame for unambiguously representing the position of locations on Earth by means of either geodetic coordinates (and related vertical coordinates) or geocentric coordinates. [1]
The North American Datum (NAD) is the horizontal datum now used to define the geodetic network in North America. A datum is a formal description of the shape of the Earth along with an "anchor" point for the coordinate system. In surveying, cartography, and land-use planning, two North American Datums are in use for making lateral or ...
Geodesy. The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a map projection system for assigning coordinates to locations on the surface of the Earth. Like the traditional method of latitude and longitude, it is a horizontal position representation, which means it ignores altitude and treats the earth surface as a perfect ellipsoid.
t. e. A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.
European Datum 1950: SAD69: South American Datum 1969: GRS 80: Geodetic Reference System 1980: ISO 6709: Geographic point coord. 1983: NAD 83: North American Datum 1983: WGS 84: World Geodetic System 1984: NAVD 88: N. American Vertical Datum 1988: ETRS89: European Terrestrial Ref. Sys. 1989: GCJ-02: Chinese obfuscated datum 2002: Geo URI ...
On 7 January 2024 move to IGS20 happened, so WGS 84 is now aligned with ITRF2020, including PSD (post-seismic deformation), also called G2296. On the other hand GLONASS is using PZ-90.11, which is close to ITRF2008 at epoch 2011.0 and is using 2010.0 epoch (that means when you use reference transformation to PZ-90.11 you will get January 2010 ...