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Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart) In this malacostracan crustacean diagram, the maxillae are labelled maxilla and maxillula. In arthropods, the maxillae (singular maxilla) are paired structures present on the head as mouthparts in members of the clade Mandibulata, used for tasting and manipulating food. Embryologically, the maxillae are derived ...
Each maxilla consists of two parts, the proximal cardo (plural cardines), and distal stipes (plural stipites). At the apex of each stipes are two lobes, the inner lacinia and outer galea (plurals laciniae and galeae). At the outer margin, the typical galea is a cupped or scoop-like structure, located over the outer edge of the labium.
In general, arthropods have mouthparts for cutting, chewing, piercing, sucking, shredding, siphoning, and filtering. This article outlines the basic elements of four arthropod groups: insects, myriapods, crustaceans and chelicerates. Insects are used as the model, with the novel mouthparts of the other groups introduced in turn.
The subphylum Hexapoda (from Greek for 'six legs') or hexapods comprises the largest clade of arthropods and includes most of the extant arthropod species. It includes the crown group class Insecta (true insects), as well as the much smaller class Entognatha, which includes three groups of wingless arthropods that were once considered insects: Collembola (springtails), Protura (coneheads) and ...
Arthropod head problem. Formation of anterior segments across arthropod taxa based on gene expression and neuroanatomical observations, [2] [3] Note the chelicera (Ch) and chelifore (Chf) arose from somite 1 and thus correspond to the first antenna (An/An1) of other arthropods. The (pan)arthropod head problem [4] is a long-standing zoological ...
mouthparts. Insect morphology is the study and description of the physical form of insects. The terminology used to describe insects is similar to that used for other arthropods due to their shared evolutionary history. Three physical features separate insects from other arthropods: they have a body divided into three regions (called tagmata ...
The oldest fossil record of hexapod is obscure, as most of the candidates are poorly preserved and their hexapod affinities had been disputed. An iconic example is the Devonian Rhyniognatha hirsti , dated at 396 to 407 million years ago , its mandibles are thought to be a type found only in winged insects , which suggests that the earliest ...
Tagma (biology) In biology, a tagma (Greek: τάγμα, pl.: tagmata – τάγματα - body of soldiers; battalion) is a specialized grouping of multiple segments or metameres into a coherently functional morphological unit. Familiar examples are the head, the thorax, and the abdomen of insects. [1] The segments within a tagma may be either ...