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A count of the viral load is routine before the start of HIV treatment. [1] If the treatment is not changed, then viral load is monitored with testing every 3–4 months to confirm a stable low viral load. [1] Patients who are medically stable and who have low viral load for two years may get viral load counts every 6 months instead of 3. [1 ...
The higher the viral load at the set point, the faster the virus will progress to AIDS; the lower the viral load at the set point, the longer the patient will remain in clinical latency, the next stage of the infection. The asymptomatic or clinical latency phase is marked by slow replication of the HIV virus, followed by steady depletion of CD4 ...
Viral load is reported as copies of HIV RNA in a millilitre (mL) of blood. Changes in viral load are usually reported as a log change (in powers of 10). For example, a three log increase in viral load (3 log10) is an increase of 10 3 or 1,000 times the previously reported level, while a drop from 500,000 to 500 copies would be a three-log-drop ...
Individuals who are in this phase are still infectious. During this time, CD4 + CD45RO + T cells carry most of the proviral load. [8] A small percentage of HIV-1 infected individuals retain high levels of CD4+ T-cells without antiretroviral therapy. However, most have detectable viral loads and will eventually progress to AIDS without treatment.
There are no universal criteria for interpreting the western blot test: The number of viral bands that must be present may vary. If no viral bands are detected, the result is negative. If at least one viral band for each of the GAG, POL, and ENV gene-product groups are present, the result is positive. The three-gene-product approach to western ...
Suppressing the viral load to undetectable levels (<50 copies per ml) is the primary goal of ART. [56] This should happen by 24 weeks after starting combination therapy. [83] Viral load monitoring is the most important predictor of response to treatment with ART. [84] Lack of viral load suppression on ART is termed virologic failure.
Long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), are individuals infected with HIV, who maintain a CD4 count greater than 500 without antiretroviral therapy with a detectable viral load. [1] Many of these patients have been HIV positive for 30 years without progressing to the point of needing to take medication in order not to develop AIDS.
An HIV-positive sexual partner (especially if they have an unknown or detectable viral load); A bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past 6 months. Patients reporting injection drug use within the last 6 months and any of the following: An HIV-positive injecting partner; Shared injection equipment.