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British forces defeated the Italian army in Eritrea in 1941 at the Battle of Keren and placed the colony under British military administration until Allied forces could determine its fate. Several Italian-built infrastructure projects and industries were dismantled and removed to Kenya as war reparations. [60]
During the immediate postwar years, the British proposed that Eritrea be divided along religious community lines and annexed partly to the British colony of Sudan and partly to Ethiopia. After the peace treaty with Italy was signed in 1947, the United Nations sent a Commission of Enquiry to decide the fate of the colony. [99]
Eritrea was an Italian colony from the 1880s until the Italians were defeated by the Allies in World War II in 1941. Afterward, Eritrea briefly became a British protectorate until 1951. The United Nations convened after the war to decide Eritrea's future, eventually voting in favor of a federation between Eritrea and Ethiopia.
British Administration; 5 February 1941 to 4 May 1942: Sir William Platt, Administrator: Brian Kennedy-Cooke British Deputy Chief Political Officer for Eritrea 1941–1942 4 May 1942 to 9 November 1944: Stephen Hemsley Longrigg, Administrator: 9 November 1944 to 14 August 1945: C.D. McCarthy, Administrator: 14 August 1945 to 1 November 1946
Asmara (2005) Asmara in the 1940s Asmara, the capital of Eritrea, first rose to prominence in medieval and post-medieval times.Though it had long overshadowed by nearby Debarwa, the residence of the Bahr Negash or the governor of the coastal province, it still existed as a major settlement for over half a millennium and enjoyed some importance as it stood on the trade route to Massawa.
From 1936, the colony of Eritrea was increased in size and called Eritrea Governorate, as part of Africa Orientale Italiana (AOI). The Italian governors were under direct orders of the Viceroy (representing the now-King and Emperor Victor Emmanuel III).
The Eritrean Ascari were considered the best of Italy's colonial soldiers, with a reputation similar to that of the Gurkhas in the forces of the British Empire. They were accordingly widely employed in other Italian colonial possessions in Africa. Eritrean NCOs were seconded to newly raised Somali and Ethiopian units after 1936.
Eritrea was an Italian colony from the 1880s until the defeat of the Italians by the Allies of World War II in 1941.The first Italian establishment in what is now known as Eritrea was in 1869 with the purchase of Assab by the Rubattino Shipping Company, which came under government control in 1882.