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Structurally, capacitors consist of electrodes separated by a dielectric, connecting leads, and housing; deterioration of any of these may cause parameter shifts or failure. Shorted failures and leakage due to increase of parallel parasitic resistance are the most common failure modes of capacitors, followed by open failures.
Failed aluminium electrolytic capacitors with open vents in the top of the can, and visible dried electrolyte residue (reddish-brown color) The capacitor plague was a problem related to a higher-than-expected failure rate of non-solid aluminium electrolytic capacitors between 1999 and 2007, especially those from some Taiwanese manufacturers, [1] [2] due to faulty electrolyte composition that ...
An asymmetric or unbalanced fault does not affect each of the phases equally. Common types of asymmetric fault, and their causes: line-to-line fault - a short circuit between lines, caused by ionization of air, or when lines come into physical contact, for example due to a broken insulator.
The current that flows through these capacitors is due to the capacitors' impedance at power line frequencies. [6] [7] Some amount of leakage current is generally considered acceptable, however excessive leakage current, exceeding 30 mA, can create a hazard for users of the equipment. In some applications, e.g. medical devices with patient ...
Sustainable automotive air conditioning is the subject of a debate – also known as the Cool War – about the next-generation refrigerant in car air conditioning. An advocacy group, The Alliance for CO 2 Solutions , supports the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a refrigerant in passenger cars, and the chemical industry is developing new ...
These motors are sometimes called DC motors, sometimes EC motors and occasionally DC/EC motors. DC stands for direct current and EC stands for electronically commutated.. DC motors allow the speed of the fans within a fan coil unit to be controlled by means of a 0-10 Volt input control signal to the motor/s, the transformers and speed switches associated with AC fan coils are not required.
In electronics, a bleeder resistor, bleeder load, leakage resistor, capacitor discharge resistor or safety discharge resistor is a resistor connected in parallel with the output of a high-voltage power supply circuit for the purpose of discharging the electric charge stored in the power supply's filter capacitors when the equipment is turned off, for safety reasons.
The voltage rating does not need to be symmetrical; "semi-polar" capacitors can be made with different thicknesses of oxide coatings, so they can withstand different voltages in each direction, [38] but these bipolar electrolytic capacitors are not adaptable for main AC applications instead of power capacitors with metallized polymer film or ...