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Crotoxin (CTX) is the main toxic compound in the snake venom of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus.Crotoxin is a heterodimeric beta-neurotoxin, composed of an acidic, non-toxic and non-enzymatic subunit (CA), and a basic, weakly toxic, phospholipase A2 protein (CB).
PLA 2 enzymes are commonly found in mammalian tissues as well as arachnid, insect, and snake venom. [2] Venom from bees is largely composed of melittin, which is a stimulant of PLA 2. Due to the increased presence and activity of PLA 2 resulting from a snake or insect bite, arachidonic acid is released from the phospholipid membrane ...
Given that snake venom contains many biologically active ingredients, some may be useful to treat disease. [42] For instance, phospholipases type A2 (PLA2s) from the Tunisian vipers Cerastes cerastes and Macrovipera lebetina have been found to have antitumor activity. [43] Anticancer activity has been also reported for other compounds in snake ...
18786 Ensembl ENSG00000137055 ENSMUSG00000028577 UniProt Q9Y263 P27612 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001031689 NM_004253 NM_001321546 NM_172695 RefSeq (protein) NP_001026859 NP_001308475 NP_766283 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 26.9 – 26.95 Mb Chr 4: 94.46 – 94.49 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Phospholipase A-2-activating protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLAA ...
Notexin consists of a single molecule. This molecule is a single-peptide chain of 119 amino acid residues that are cross-linked with 7 disulfide-bridges. [7]X-ray diffraction has been used to determine the crystal structure of notexin and led to the conclusion that notexin belongs to either the P3121 or P3221 space group with lattice parameters a = b = 74.6 Å, c = 49.0 Å with a β of 120⁰.
Its venom has hemolytic and proteolytic action. [10] B. moojeni venom contains a wide variety of enzymes, such as acidic phospholipase, base A phospholipase, metalloproteinases, serine proteinases, L-amino acid oxidase, and a myotoxin phospholipase A2. The myotoxin phospholipase A2 causes necrosis in muscle fibers, releasing creatine kinase. [11]
A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids [1] into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. There are four major classes, termed A, B, C, and D, which are distinguished by the type of reaction which they catalyze: Phospholipase A Phospholipase A 1 – cleaves the sn-1 acyl chain (where sn refers to stereospecific numbering).
Snake venom may cause muscle damage or myotoxicity via the enzyme phospholipase A2 which disrupts the plasma membrane of muscle cells. This damage to muscle cells may cause rhabdomyolysis, respiratory muscle compromise, or both. [43]