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The term "data science" has been traced back to 1974, when Peter Naur proposed it as an alternative name to computer science. [6] In 1996, the International Federation of Classification Societies became the first conference to specifically feature data science as a topic. [6] However, the definition was still in flux.
The materials in the Data Science and Predictive Analytics (DSPA) textbook have been peer-reviewed in the Journal of the American Statistical Association, [5] International Statistical Institute’s ISI Review Journal, [3] and the Journal of the American Library Association. [4] Many scholarly publications reference the DSPA textbook. [6] [7]
Data science process flowchart from Doing Data Science, by Schutt & O'Neil (2013) Analysis refers to dividing a whole into its separate components for individual examination. [ 10 ] Data analysis is a process for obtaining raw data , and subsequently converting it into information useful for decision-making by users. [ 1 ]
The fourth trend is the long-term erosion of America’s leadership in fundamental research, which is the foundation for future commercial innovation. All research is not the same.
Datafication is a technological trend turning many aspects of our life into data [1] [2] which is subsequently transferred into information realised as a new form of value. [3] Kenneth Cukier and Viktor Mayer-Schönberger introduced the term datafication to the broader lexicon in 2013. [ 4 ]
Data-driven models encompass a wide range of techniques and methodologies that aim to intelligently process and analyse large datasets. Examples include fuzzy logic, fuzzy and rough sets for handling uncertainty, [3] neural networks for approximating functions, [4] global optimization and evolutionary computing, [5] statistical learning theory, [6] and Bayesian methods. [7]
U.S. job openings rose unexpectedly in November, showing companies are still looking for workers even as the labor market has cooled overall. Openings rose to 8.1 million in November, the most ...