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Newton's theorem of revolving orbits was his first attempt to understand apsidal precession quantitatively. According to this theorem, the addition of a particular type of central force—the inverse-cube force—can produce a rotating orbit; the angular speed is multiplied by a factor k , whereas the radial motion is left unchanged.
At the top of the diagram, a satellite in a clockwise circular orbit (yellow spot) launches objects of negligible mass: (1 - blue) towards Earth, (2 - red) away from Earth, (3 - grey) in the direction of travel, and (4 - black) backwards in the direction of travel. Dashed ellipses are orbits relative to Earth.
(Newton's later first law of motion is to similar effect, Law 1 in the Principia.) 3: Forces combine by a parallelogram rule. Newton treats them in effect as we now treat vectors. This point reappears in Corollaries 1 and 2 to the third law of motion, Law 3 in the Principia.
English: Diagram illustrating Newton's derivation of his theorem of revolving orbits. Date: 23 August 2008: Source: Own work: ... Newton's theorem of revolving orbits;
General relativity is a more exact theory than Newton's laws for calculating orbits, and it is sometimes necessary to use it for greater accuracy or in high-gravity situations (e.g. orbits near the Sun).
Newton's theorem of revolving orbits; Newton's shell theorem This page was last edited on 28 June 2021, at 14:38 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative ...
An extension of Newton's theorem was discovered in 2000 by Mahomed and Vawda. [29] Assume that a particle is moving under an arbitrary central force F 1 (r), and let its radius r and azimuthal angle φ be denoted as r(t) and φ 1 (t) as a function of time t.
The orbits need not be circular. One can obtain intuitive geodesic and field equations in those situations as well [Ref 2, Chapter 1]. Unlike circular orbits, however, the speed of the particles in elliptic or hyperbolic trajectories is not constant. We therefore do not have a constant speed with which to scale the curvature.
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