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Examples of column-oriented formats include Apache ORC, [3] Apache Parquet, [4] Apache Arrow, [5] formats used by BigQuery, Amazon Redshift and Snowflake. Predominant examples of row-oriented formats include CSV, formats used in most relational databases , the in-memory format of Apache Spark , and Apache Avro .
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Apache Cassandra is a free and open-source database management system designed to handle large volumes of data across multiple commodity servers. The system prioritizes availability and scalability over consistency , making it particularly suited for systems with high write throughput requirements due to its LSM tree indexing storage layer. [ 2 ]
The database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported typically by a relational database management system (RDBMS). The term " schema " refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases ).
Apache Parquet is a free and open-source column-oriented data storage format in the Apache Hadoop ecosystem. It is similar to RCFile and ORC , the other columnar-storage file formats in Hadoop , and is compatible with most of the data processing frameworks around Hadoop .
A conceptual schema or conceptual data model is a high-level description of informational needs underlying the design of a database. [1] [2] It typically includes only the core concepts and the main relationships among them. This is a high-level model with insufficient detail to build a complete, functional database. [3]
Fluo Recipes: Apache Fluo Recipes build on the Fluo API to offer additional functionality to developers; Fluo YARN: a tool for running Apache Fluo applications in Apache Hadoop YARN; FreeMarker: a template engine, i.e. a generic tool to generate text output based on templates. FreeMarker is implemented in Java as a class library for programmers