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The hydrogen combustion engine has a peak at high load and can achieve similar efficiency levels as a hydrogen fuel cell. [34] From this, one can deduce that hydrogen combustion engines are a match in terms of efficiency for fuel cells for heavy duty applications. Efficiency decreases for small internal combustion engines.
The Toyota FCHV and Honda FCX, which began leasing on December 2, 2002, became the world's first government-certified commercial hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, [16] [15] [33] and the Honda FCX Clarity, which began leasing in 2008, was the world's first hydrogen fuel cell vehicle designed for mass production rather than adapting an existing model ...
1964 – Allis-Chalmers builds a 750-watt fuel cell to power a one-man underwater research vessel. [19] 1965 – The first commercial use of a fuel cell in Project Gemini. 1965 – Allis-Chalmers builds the first fuel cell golf carts. 1966 – General Motors presents Electrovan, the world's first fuel cell automobile. [20] 1966 – Slush hydrogen.
A new hydrogen combustion engine offers an eco-friendly alternative to gasoline with the potential for similar range and refilling times.
The alkaline fuel cell (AFC) or hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell was designed and first demonstrated publicly by Francis Thomas Bacon in 1959. It was used as a primary source of electrical energy in the Apollo space program. [41] The cell consists of two porous carbon electrodes impregnated with a suitable catalyst such as Pt, Ag, CoO, etc.
1991 – Mazda HR-X hydrogen Rotary; 1993 – Mazda HR-X2 hydrogen Rotary; 1993 – Mazda MX-5 Miata hydrogen Rotary; 1995 – Mazda Capella, first public street test of the hydrogen Rotary engine; 2003 – Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE hydrogen-gasoline hybrid Rotary; 2005 – Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid; 2007 – Mazda Hydrogen RE Plug in Hybrid
Arvin Meritor, a Tier 1 supplier of automotive technology, at one time, was experimenting with a plasma reformer technology which would use hydrogen produced from the fuel to enhance engine combustion efficiency and reduce emissions of NO x. [26] This reference states that a 20% to 30% increase in engine thermal efficiency is possible. However ...
Hydrogen is not a primary energy source, because it is not naturally occurring as a fuel. It is, however, widely regarded as an ideal energy storage medium, due to the ease with which electricity can convert water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis and can be converted back to electrical power using a fuel cell or hydrogen turbine. [ 3 ]