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A cold gas thruster (or a cold gas propulsion system) is a type of rocket engine which uses the expansion of a (typically inert) pressurized gas to generate thrust.As opposed to traditional rocket engines, a cold gas thruster does not house any combustion and therefore has lower thrust and efficiency compared to conventional monopropellant and bipropellant rocket engines.
The simplest case of a thermal rocket is the case in which a compressed gas is held in a tank, and is released through a nozzle. This is known as a cold gas thruster.The thermal source, in this case, is simply the energy contained in the heat capacity of the gas.
Rocket propellant may be expelled through an expansion nozzle as a cold gas, that is, without energetic mixing and combustion, to provide small changes in velocity to spacecraft by the use of cold gas thrusters, usually as maneuvering thrusters. To attain a useful density for storage, most propellants are stored as either a solid or a liquid.
The power for the thruster comes from the high pressure gas created during the decomposition reaction that allows a rocket nozzle to speed up the gas to create thrust. The most commonly used monopropellant is hydrazine (N 2 H 4, or H 2 N−NH 2), a compound unstable in the presence of a catalyst and which is also a strong reducing agent.
Direct comparison of physical properties, performance, cost, storability, toxicity, storage requirements and accidental release measures for hydrogen peroxide, hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN), hydrazine and various cold gas monopropellants shows that hydrazine is the highest performing in terms of specific impulse. However, hydrazine is also the ...
Some devices that are used or proposed for use as thrusters are: Cold gas thruster; Electrohydrodynamic thruster, using ionized air (only for use in an atmosphere) Electrodeless plasma thruster, electric propulsion using ponderomotive force; Electrostatic ion thruster, using high-voltage electrodes; Hall effect thruster, a type of ion thruster
The firm’s Rough gas storage site, a depleted field off England’s east coast, makes up around half of the country’s gas storage capacity. The Rough 47/3B Bravo gas platform in the North Sea (PA)
Care must be taken, especially during long burns, to avoid excessive cooling of the pressurizing gas due to adiabatic expansion. Cold helium won't liquify, but it could freeze a propellant, decrease tank pressures, or damage components not designed for low temperatures.
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