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Social disorganization theory is a theory of criminology that was established in 1929 by Clifford Shaw and published in 1942 with his assistant Henry McKay.It is used to describe crime and delinquency in urban North American cities, it suggests that communities characterized by socioeconomic status, ethnic heterogeneity, and residential mobility are impeded from organizing to realize the ...
Shaw and McKay's work spanned three general areas: studying geographic variation in rates of juvenile delinquency, the study of autobiographical works by delinquents, and the development of the Chicago Area Project, a delinquency prevention program in the Chicago area related to his Social Disorganization theory. The two studies published by ...
The theory derives from a Hobbesian view of human nature as represented in Leviathan, i.e. that all choices are constrained by implicit social contracts, agreements and arrangements among people. Thus, morality is created in the construction of social order, assigning costs and consequences to certain choices and defining some as evil, immoral ...
Criminology is a multidisciplinary field in both the behavioural and social sciences, which draws primarily upon the research of sociologists, political scientists, economists, legal sociologists, psychologists, philosophers, psychiatrists, social workers, biologists, social anthropologists, scholars of law and jurisprudence, as well as the ...
Thomas defined social disorganization as "the inability of a neighborhood to solve its problems together" [7] which suggested a level of social pathology and personal disorganization, so the term, "differential social organization" was preferred by many, and may have been the source of Sutherland's (1947) differential association theory. The ...
Park is noted for his work in human ecology, race relations, human migration, cultural assimilation, social movements, and social disorganization [3] He played a large role in defining sociology as a natural science and challenged the belief that sociology is a moral science. [4]
Henry Donald McKay (1899–1980) was an American sociologist and criminologist who, along with Clifford Shaw, helped to establish the University of Chicago's Sociology Department as the leading program of its kind in the United States.
The theory is related to earlier drift theory (David Matza, Delinquency and Drift, 1964) where people use the techniques of neutralization to drift in and out of delinquent behaviour, and systematic crime theory (an aspect of social disorganization theory developed by the Chicago School), where Edwin Sutherland proposed that the failure of families and extended kin groups expands the realm of ...