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Ambivalent sexism is a theoretical framework which posits that sexism has two sub-components: hostile sexism (HS) [1] and benevolent sexism (BS). [1] Hostile sexism reflects overtly negative evaluations and stereotypes about a gender (e.g., the ideas that women are incompetent and inferior to men).
A meta-study published in 2023 in the Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes journal looking at 361,645 job applications from 1976 to 2020 concluded that selection bias against male candidates in female‐typed jobs had been stable, saying that "selection bias in favour of male over female candidates was eliminated and, if ...
Second-generation gender bias is a form of gender bias that appears neutral or not overtly sexist, but which discriminates against women because it reflects the values of the men who created or developed the setting, usually a workplace. [1] It is contrasted with first-generation bias, which is deliberate, usually involving intentional ...
The study found that in blind tests, males and females scored basically equivalent, while in non-blind teacher testing, there was a substantial bias toward girls. In middle school, the gender bias of teachers toward males accounts for 6% of the math achievement gap between boys and girls.
Rudman and Goodwin conducted research on gender bias that measured gender preferences without directly asking the participants. Subjects at Purdue and Rutgers participated in computerized tasks that measured automatic attitudes based on how quickly a person categorizes pleasant and unpleasant attributes with each gender. Such a task was done to ...
This page was last edited on 4 August 2006, at 11:54 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...
During the 1970s, there was no consensus about how the terms were to be applied. In the 1974 edition of Masculine/Feminine or Human, the author uses "innate gender" and "learned sex roles", but in the 1978 edition, the use of sex and gender is reversed. By 1980, most feminist writings had agreed on using gender only for sociocultural adapted ...
It is therefore possible that the gender gap in mathematical abilities among kindergarteners could be much less apparent in the United States today if teachers exhibited less gender bias in evaluating students' abilities, as evidenced by these replicated studies that demonstrate a systematic undervaluing of girls' mathematical abilities by ...