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Asynchronous CDMA has some level of privacy built in because the signal is spread using a pseudo-random code; this code makes the spread-spectrum signals appear random or have noise-like properties. A receiver cannot demodulate this transmission without knowledge of the pseudo-random sequence used to encode the data.
Multi-carrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) is a multiple access scheme used in OFDM-based telecommunication systems, allowing the system to support multiple users at the same time over same frequency band. MC-CDMA spreads each user symbol in the frequency domain.
In the WDMA case, different network nodes in a bus or hub network get a different color. [7] An advanced form of FDMA is the orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme, for example, used in 4G cellular communication systems. In OFDMA, each node may use several sub-carriers, making it possible to provide different quality of ...
RAN – Radio Access Network – See AN. Restrictive Mode – See PRL. RFC – Request For Comments RN – Radio Network – See AN. RoamEx. Roaming. Roaming Agreement. Roaming Indicator. RSP – Roaming Service Provider RUIM – Removable User Identity Module RVR – Roamer Verification and Reinstatement
cdmaOne network structure. The IS-95 standards describe an air interface, [1] a set of protocols used between mobile units and the network. IS-95 is widely described as a three-layer stack, where L1 corresponds to the physical layer, L2 refers to the Media Access Control (MAC) and Link-Access Control (LAC) sublayers, and L3 to the call-processing state machine.
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) is a medium access control (MAC) method used most notably in early Ethernet technology for local area networking. It uses carrier-sensing to defer transmissions until no other stations are transmitting.
Node D is unaware of the ongoing data transfer between node A and node B. Node D has data to send to node C, which is in the transmission range of node B. D initiates the process by sending an RTS frame to node C. Node C has already deferred its transmission until the completion of the current data transfer between node A and node B (to avoid co-channel interference at node B).
Access Authentication in CDMA networks for telecommunications and computing provide network access for a mobile device. Specific methods such as CAVE-based Authentication (IS-95/1xRTT), and A12 Authentication are possible. The serving network provides the mobile device access authentication mechanism.