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  2. Enterotoxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterotoxin

    Enterotoxins have a particularly marked effect upon the gastrointestinal tract, causing traveler's diarrhea and food poisoning. The action of enterotoxins leads to increased chloride ion permeability of the apical membrane of intestinal mucosal cells.

  3. Heat-stable enterotoxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat-stable_enterotoxin

    Heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) are secretory peptides produced by some bacterial strains, such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli [2] which are in general toxic to animals. These peptides keep their 3D structure and remain active at temperatures as high as 100 °C.

  4. Microbial toxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_toxin

    Studies have shown that esophageal cancer can be related back to corn grain that contains fumonisins. [38] Other effects from fumonisins are birth defects of the brain, spine, and spinal cord. [38] In animals, problems with the pulmonary edema and hydrothorax swines have been proven to have association with fumonisins. [38]

  5. Exotoxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotoxin

    Different STs recognize distinct receptors on the cell surface and thereby affect different intracellular signaling pathways. For example, STa enterotoxins bind and activate membrane-bound guanylate cyclase, which leads to the intracellular accumulation of cyclic GMP and downstream effects on several signaling pathways. These events lead to the ...

  6. Bacillus anthracis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracis

    The enterotoxins and virulence factors are encoded on the chromosome, while the emetic toxin is encoded on a 270-kb plasmid, pCER270. [ 11 ] B. thuringiensis is an microrganism pathogen and is characterized by production of parasporal crystals of insecticidal toxins Cry and Cyt. [ 17 ]

  7. 100 animal trivia questions that will make you think - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/100-animal-trivia-questions...

    Answer: Chicken. The urine of this animal glows in the dark if you shine an ultraviolet light on it. Answer: Cat. How many legs do ants have? Answer: Six. What is the smallest mammal in the world ...

  8. Campylobacter jejuni - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacter_jejuni

    Campylobacter jejuni is a species of pathogenic bacteria that is commonly associated with poultry, and is also often found in animal feces.This species of microbe is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in Europe and in the US, with the vast majority of cases occurring as isolated events rather than mass outbreaks.

  9. Virulence factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virulence_factor

    Experiments involving Yersinia pseudotuberculosis have been used to change the virulence phenotype of non-pathogenic bacteria to pathogenic. Because of horizontal gene transfer, it is possible to transfer the a clone of the DNA from Yersinia to a non-pathogenic E. coli and have them express the pathogenic virulence factor.