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In the law of criminal evidence, a confession is a statement by a suspect in crime which is adverse to that person. Some secondary authorities, such as Black's Law Dictionary, define a confession in more narrow terms, e.g. as "a statement admitting or acknowledging all facts necessary for conviction of a crime", which would be distinct from a mere admission of certain facts that, if true ...
In the 1966 case of Jacob Rubenstein v.State of Texas, [10] the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals ruled that Jack Ruby (real name Jacob Rubenstein; "Jack Ruby" was his nickname), the killer of Lee Harvey Oswald, had been denied a fair trial, holding in part that Ruby's jailhouse confession was improperly admitted into evidence at trial.
The appeals court denied his defense arguing that the evidence was admissible, despite the egregious behavior of the officers, as it was "competent evidence," and the courts are not allowed to question the means in which it was obtained. As the court wrote, "illegally obtained evidence is admissible on a criminal charge in this state." [4]
Although a confession obtained in violation of Miranda is inadmissible, evidence obtained based on information in the confession is admissible. [28] For example, if police learn the identity of a witness through a confession that violates Miranda, the government may still use the witness's testimony at trial. [29]
The general rule in evidence is that all relevant evidence is admissible and all irrelevant evidence is inadmissible, though some countries (such as the United States and, to an extent, Australia) proscribe the prosecution from exploiting evidence obtained in violation of constitutional law, thereby rendering relevant evidence inadmissible.
What happened to Perez is an extreme example of how a police interrogation method in common use in the U.S. can lead suspects to make false statements — and even falsely confess to crimes they ...
In the USA, a party admission, in the law of evidence, is any statement made by a declarant who is a party to a lawsuit or criminal case, which is offered as evidence against that party. Under the Federal Rules of Evidence , such a statement is admissible to prove the truth of the statement itself, meaning that the statement itself is not ...
Evidence governs the use of testimony (e.g., oral or written statements, such as an affidavit), exhibits (e.g., physical objects), documentary material, or demonstrative evidence, which are admissible (i.e., allowed to be considered by the trier of fact, such as jury) in a judicial or administrative proceeding (e.g., a court of law).