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Multi-disciplinary studies of Andvord Bay indicate katabatic wind forcing, pulses of export flux, and high food availability and benthic abundance in inner fjord basins. In Book of Abstracts (p. 429). Ziegler, A., 2019. Environmental Drivers of Benthic Community Structure and Function in Fjords of the West Antarctic Peninsula. PhD Dissertation ...
The ocean stretched like a fjord through Heddalsvatnet all the way to Hjartdal. Post-glacial rebound eventually separated Heddalsvatnet from the ocean and turned it into a freshwater lake. [56] [57] In neolithic times Heddalsvatnet was still a saltwater fjord connected to the ocean, and was cut off from the ocean around 1500 BC. [58]
A fjard (Swedish: fjärd, IPA:) is a large open space of water between groups of islands or mainland in archipelagos. Fjards can be found along sea coasts, in freshwater lakes or in rivers. Fjard and fjord were originally the same word, and they generally meant sailable waterway.
At nearly 60,000 km long, the mid-ocean ridge is an extensive chain of underwater volcanic mountains that spans the globe. [30] Centralized in the oceans, this unique geological formation houses a collection of ridges, rifts, fault zones, and other geological features. [29] [30]
a large expanse of saline water connected with an ocean, or a large, usually saline, lake that lacks a natural outlet such as the Caspian Sea and the Dead Sea. In common usage, often synonymous with the ocean. Sea loch: a sea inlet loch. Sea lough: a fjord, estuary, bay or sea inlet. Seep: a body of water formed by a spring. Slough
If the sill depth is deep, water circulation is less restricted, and there is a slow but steady exchange of water between the estuary and the ocean. Fjord-type estuaries can be found along the coasts of Alaska, the Puget Sound region of western Washington state, British Columbia, eastern Canada, Greenland, Iceland, New Zealand, Chile, and Norway.
The later part of the Neoproterozoic records the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent and the formation of the Iapetus Ocean. Passive margin sequences are preserved within the lowermost allochthon and parautochthon of the Caledonian thrust sheets. In southern Norway the sequence is known as Sparagmite.
The coastline of Norway is formed along the Skagerrak, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, and Barents Sea. This considers only the mainland coastline and excludes Svalbard. A straight line along Norway's sea borders (the coastal perimeter) is 2,650 kilometers (1,650 mi) long.