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An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. [1] Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments and are an example of an ecotone.
Coastal geography is the study of the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, climatology and oceanography) and the human geography (sociology and history) of the coast.
Wave-dominated estuary - Wave energy [5] - good example Peel Inlet Western Australia and Lake Illawarra NSW. Tidal flat/creek - Tide energy [6] Good enough Bay (WA) and Moonlight Creek (QLD) Strandplain (and coastal lagoons) - Wave energy [7] - good example coastal lagoon Irwin Inlet WA, strandplain Mooball Creek NSW.
Severe storms, climate change, pollution, habitat alteration and rapid population growth threaten the ecological functions that have supported coastal communities throughout history. Estuaries are the connection between the ocean (or Great Lakes) and the land and humans depend on both for their very existence, so caring for both – and the ...
(Coastal Areas Impacts & Adaptation) The estuaries, where the ocean and river water meet is a very vulnerable area. The rising sea level will bring more salt water into the estuaries. [8] The salinity of the water will increase further up rivers and this can alter the mixing and flushing rates of the estuary, increasing pollution dramatically. [8]
A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area.
Estuaries and Coasts is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media and the official journal of the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation. It was established in 1960 as Chesapeake Science by Romeo J. Mansueti, covering research results and management studies on natural resources of the Chesapeake Bay region.
Land loss is the term typically used to refer to the conversion of coastal land to open water by natural processes and human activities. The term land loss includes coastal erosion . It is a much broader term than coastal erosion because land loss also includes land converted to open water around the edges of estuaries and interior bays and ...