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Historically, the concept of a proof and its associated mathematical rigour first appeared in Greek mathematics, most notably in Euclid's Elements. [4] Since its beginning, mathematics was primarily divided into geometry and arithmetic (the manipulation of natural numbers and fractions), until the 16th and 17th centuries, when algebra [a] and ...
A major contribution von Neumann made to measure theory was the result of a paper written to answer a question of Haar regarding whether there existed an algebra of all bounded functions on the real number line such that they form "a complete system of representatives of the classes of almost everywhere-equal measurable bounded functions". [117]
The gap in illiteracy between white and black adults continued to narrow through the 20th century, and in 1979, the rates were approximately equal. [11] There has been a notable increase in American citizens' educational attainment since then, but studies have also indicated a decline in reading performance which began during the 1970s. [12]
This is defined as the distance from a satellite at which its gravitational pull on a spacecraft equals that of its central body, which is = /, where D is the mean distance from the satellite to the central body, and m c and m s are the masses of the central body and satellite, respectively. This value is approximately 66,300 kilometers (35,800 ...
In 1973, Cohn helped Trump countersue the U.S. government for $100 million (equivalent to $686 million in 2023) [11] over its charges that Trump's properties had racial discriminatory practices. Trump's counterclaims were dismissed, and the government's case was settled with the Trumps signing a consent decree agreeing to desegregate. [ 12 ]
Iran, [a] [b] officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) [c] and also known as Persia, [d] is a country in West Asia.It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikidata item; Appearance. move to sidebar hide. Map of the life expectancy ... 4.11: 4.04: 2.82: 1.76
The unemployment rate increased from 1.7% in June 2000 to 4.4% in December 2009. [165] It then decreased to 3.2% in 2014 and held steady for several years, before further dropping to 2.5% in 2018 and 2.3% in 2019; in 2023 it had reached a 20-year low of 2%. [ 166 ]