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The condyloid process or condylar process is the process on the human and other mammalian species' mandibles that ends in a condyle, the mandibular condyle.It is thicker than the coronoid process of the mandible and consists of two portions: the condyle and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck.
Bones are commonly described with the terms head, neck, shaft, body and base. The head of a bone usually refers to the distal end of the bone. The shaft refers to the elongated sections of long bone, and the neck the segment between the head and shaft (or body). The end of the long bone opposite to the head is known as the base.
Condyle of humerus (Condylus humeri) On the mandible, in the temporomandibular joint: Mandibular condyle; On the occipital bone, in the atlanto-occipital joint: Occipital condyles; Although not generally termed condyles, the trochlea and capitulum of the humerus act as condyles in the elbow, and the femur head acts as a condyle in the hip joint.
The skull has a single occipital condyle. [11] The skull consists of five major bones: the frontal (top of head), parietal (back of head), premaxillary and nasal (top beak), and the mandible (bottom beak). The skull of a normal bird usually weighs about 1% of the bird's total bodyweight.
Behind either condyle is a depression, the condyloid fossa, which receives the posterior margin of the superior facet of the atlas when the head is bent backward; the floor of this fossa is sometimes perforated by the condyloid canal, through which an emissary vein passes from the transverse sinus.
Intermediate zone of the articular disk lies in between condyle and eminence posterior slope, with posterior band lying above condyle. [6] Retruded Centric Position or the other term called Centric Relation is when the condyles are located in the uppermost position in mandibular fossa, anterior to distal slope of articular eminence. On top of ...
Posteriorly, the disc attaches superiorly to the temporal bone and inferiorly to the posterior condyle (the posterior attachments are frequently called the bilaminar zone). Laterally and medially, the disc attachments blend into the joint capsule near its attachment to the condylar head. The disc prevents the mandible from moving posteriorly. [2]
The primary function of the lateral pterygoid muscle is to pull the head of the condyle out of the mandibular fossa along the articular eminence to protrude the mandible. [2] A concerted effort of the lateral pterygoid muscles helps in lowering the mandible and opening the jaw.