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  2. Japanese conjugation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_conjugation

    Conjunctive: Conjunctive form vs te form Permissible English Japanese Relationship between verbs te form I'll go to the department store and do some shopping. デパートへ行って、買い物をする depāto e itte, kaimono o suru: closely related te form I'll meet my friend and ask about their holiday. 友達に会って、休みのこと ...

  3. Japanese grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar

    猫 neko cat の no GEN 色 iro color 猫 の 色 neko no iro cat GEN color "the cat's (neko no) color (iro)" noun governed by an adposition: 日本 nihon Japan に ni in 日本 に nihon ni Japan in " in Japan" comparison: Y Y Y‍ より yori than 大きい ookii big Y より 大きい Y yori ookii Y‍ than big " big ger than Y" noun modified by an adjective: 黒い kuroi black 猫 neko cat ...

  4. Japanese irregular verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_irregular_verbs

    This form is normal in writing, but in spoken Japanese it is almost universally contracted to だ da, or in some dialects じゃ ja or や ya. When conjugated politely, である de aru becomes であります de arimasu following the regular transformation. This form is normal in writing, except that most writing either uses plain conjugations ...

  5. Kuroda normal form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuroda_normal_form

    The Penttonen normal form (for unrestricted grammars) is a special case where first rule above is AB → AD. [4] Similarly, for context-sensitive grammars, the Penttonen normal form, also called the one-sided normal form (following Penttonen's own terminology) is: [1] [2] AB → AD or A → BC or A → a. For every context-sensitive grammar ...

  6. Ya (kana) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya_(kana)

    Ya (hiragana: や, katakana: ヤ) is one of the Japanese kana, each of which represents one mora. The hiragana is written in three strokes, while the katakana is written in two. Both represent [ja]. Their shapes have origins in the character 也.

  7. Romanization of Japanese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese

    The earliest Japanese romanization system was based on Portuguese orthography.It was developed c. 1548 by a Japanese Catholic named Anjirō. [2] [citation needed] Jesuit priests used the system in a series of printed Catholic books so that missionaries could preach and teach their converts without learning to read Japanese orthography.

  8. Japanese writing system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system

    The modern Japanese writing system uses a combination of logographic kanji, which are adopted Chinese characters, and syllabic kana.Kana itself consists of a pair of syllabaries: hiragana, used primarily for native or naturalized Japanese words and grammatical elements; and katakana, used primarily for foreign words and names, loanwords, onomatopoeia, scientific names, and sometimes for emphasis.

  9. Ka (kana) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka_(kana)

    A handakuten (゜) does not occur with ka in normal Japanese text, but it may be used by linguists to indicate a nasal pronunciation [ŋa]. か is the most commonly used interrogatory particle. It is also sometimes used to delimit choices. が is a Japanese case marker, as well as a conjunctive particle. It is used to denote the focus of ...