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2. Data model (GIS) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_model_(GIS)

   Compression algorithms identify spatial patterns in the data, then transform the data into parameterized representations of the patterns, from which the original data can be reconstructed. In most GIS applications, lossless compression algorithms (e.g., Lempel-Ziv ) are preferred over lossy ones (e.g., JPEG ), because the complete original data ...

3. Geographic information system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Information_System

   GIS data acquisition includes several methods for gathering spatial data into a GIS database, which can be grouped into three categories: primary data capture, the direct measurement phenomena in the field (e.g., remote sensing, the global positioning system); secondary data capture, the extraction of information from existing sources that are ...

4. List of GIS data sources - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GIS_data_sources

   This is a list of GIS data sources (including some geoportals) that provide information sets that can be used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial databases for purposes of geospatial analysis and cartographic mapping. This list categorizes the sources of interest.

5. GIS file format - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIS_file_format

   When general-purpose GIS software was developed in the 1970s and early 1980s, including programs from academic labs such as the Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis, government agencies (e.g., the Map Overlay and Statistical System (MOSS) developed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and Bureau of Land Management), and ...

6. Spatial analysis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_analysis

   GIS provide platforms for managing these data, computing spatial relationships such as distance, connectivity and directional relationships between spatial units, and visualizing both the raw data and spatial analytic results within a cartographic context. Subtypes include:

7. Object-based spatial database - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-based_spatial_database

   An object-based spatial database is a spatial database that stores the location as objects. The object-based spatial model treats the world as surface littered with recognizable objects (e.g. cities, rivers), which exist independent of their locations. Objects can be simple as polygons and lines, or be more complex to represent cities.

8. Geographic data and information - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_data_and...

   There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data. Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced , such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling .

9. Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text...

   The updated "Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems" standard, sometime known as "WKT 2", was adopted by the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2015. [6]: Annex E This standard is published conjointly by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 19162:2015.