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For example, in a recipe that calls for 10 pounds of flour and 5 pounds of water, the corresponding baker's percentages are 100% for the flour and 50% for the water. Because these percentages are stated with respect to the weight of flour rather than with respect to the weight of all ingredients, the sum of these percentages always exceeds 100%.
American cooks using British recipes, and vice versa, need to be careful with pints and fluid ounces. A US pint (16 US fluid ounces) is about 16·65 UK fluid ounces or 473 mL, while a UK pint is 20 UK fluid ounces (about 19·21 US fluid ounces or 568 mL): a UK pint is, therefore, about 20% larger than a US pint.
A weaker flour, such as a cake or pastry flour with a much lower gluten content would have a much steeper decline after peak time. The points of interest on the graph are fivefold: Arrival Time (Absorption) – Absorption is the point chosen by the baking industry which represents a target water to flour ratio in bread.
Bread flour or strong flour is always made from hard wheat, usually hard spring wheat. It has a very high protein content, between 10% and 13%, making it excellent for yeast bread baking. It can be white or whole wheat or in between. [3] Cake flour is a finely milled white flour made from soft wheat.
Roasted gram flour is commonly added to season Burmese salads, and is the principal ingredient of Burmese tofu. [6] Roasted gram flour is also used to thicken several noodle soup dishes, including mohinga and ohn no khao swè. [7] [6] Gram flour is also used to make jidou liangfen, a Yunnanese dish similar to Burmese tofu salad.
A dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, improving agent or bread improver is any ingredient or chemical added to bread dough to strengthen its texture or otherwise improve it in some way. Dough conditioners may include enzymes , yeast nutrients, mineral salts, oxidants and reductants , bleaching agents and emulsifiers . [ 1 ]
A fluid ounce (abbreviated fl oz, fl. oz. or oz. fl., old forms ℥, fl ℥, f℥, ƒ ℥) is a unit of volume (also called capacity) typically used for measuring liquids. The British Imperial , the United States customary , and the United States food labeling fluid ounce are the three that are still in common use, although various definitions ...
As an example, [2] 1 gram of sodium (Na = A) is observed to combine with either 1.54 grams of chlorine (Cl = B) or 5.52 grams of iodine (I = C). (These ratios correspond to the modern formulas NaCl and NaI). The ratio of these two weights is 5.52/1.54 = 3.58. It is also observed that 1 gram of chlorine reacts with 1.19 g of iodine.